BIOS

BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System, the computer system IBM PC or compatibles (computer based on Intel x86 processor family) refers to a collection of software routines that can do the following things:

• Initialize (ignition) and the testing of the hardware (in a process called the Power On Self Test, POST)
• Load and run the operating system
• Set some basic configuration of the computer (date, time, storage configuration, the configuration of the boot process, performance, and stability of your computer)
• Help operating systems and applications in the hardware settings using the BIOS Runtime Services.

BIOS provides a low-level communication interface, and can control many types of hardware devices (like keyboards). Because of its proximity to the hardware, the BIOS is generally made using assembly language (assembly) which is used by the machine in question.

The term first appeared in the operating system CP / M, which is part of CP / M loaded during the boot process starts dealing directly with the hardware (some machines running CP / M has a simple boot loader in ROM). Most versions of DOS have a file called "IBMBIO.COM" (IBM PC-DOS) or "IO.SYS" (MS-DOS) that does the same as CP / M disk BIOS.

Said the BIOS can also be interpreted as a "life" in Greek literature (Βίος).

In the BIOS, there are some basic components, namely as follows:
Examples of the CMOS Setup (Phoenix BIOS)

• BIOS Setup program that allows users to change the configuration of the computer (hard disk type, disk drives, power management, computer performance, etc.) as desired. BIOS hides the details of how to access hardware that is quite complicated, if done directly.
• Driver for the basic hardware devices, such as video adapters, input devices, processors, and some other devices for the base operating system 16-bit (in this case is the family of DOS).
• The main bootstraper Program that allows a computer to perform the process of booting into the operating system installed.

Components and How The Scanner

Scanner components

The components in question are the components on the scanner flatbed. Components are:

1. Alas glass. Glass mat is used as the container of the image to be read.
2. Light Source. A light source lamp with high intensity light will produce light that is directed into the picture.
3. Sinal reflectance sensor. The type commonly used for this type of flat bed scanner is a CCD sensor (charge-coupled devices). This tool works like an eye that will read the light reflected from the image To drive up to the CCD, the light reflectance of the image is directed by mirrors and lenses to use a scanner.
4. Stepper motor and jagged ribbons. Because the data is read perbaris line, then the stepper motor is required and ridged band to move the lamp and CCD.
5. Cover. Cover is used to avoid external light coming in, so the data is read by the CCD actually the reflection of the image data being read.

In addition to these components there are certainly many other components, but the function and form can vary from one type of scanner and other woods.

How it Works Scanner

1. Images to be scanned is placed on the scanner glass surface
2. Before the image is scanned, the computer will determine how far the stepper motor to bring the lights will go forward, the distance is determined by the length of the image and position the image on the scanner glass.
3. The lights begin to flicker and the stepper motor will start rotating to move the lamp until the final position of the image.
4. Light emitted light to the image will be reflected, then the resulting reflections will be read by a scanner mirror toward the lens.
5. The reflected light will eventually get to the CCD sensor
6. CCD sensors will measure the light intensity of the reflected wavelength dn and turn it into an analog voltage.
7. The analog voltage is converted into a digital value by ADC converters (Analog to Digital)
8. Digital signal from the CCD sensor is sent to the logical board and sent back to the computer in the form of digital data that show the colors at the points of the reflected image.

Scanner

In a computer system, scanner is an input device that serves as a producer of digital images (image digitizer). How a scanner to read the picture there are similarities with the copy machine, but unlike the copy of the form in which the readings are printed in sheets of the image is read, the scanner will display the results on screen to be stored as a digital file.

Scanner itself in the field of engineering is a term for a tool that is able to read the forms or physical properties of an object, such as two-dimensional objects, three-dimensional shape of objects, the temperature of an area of ​​land, the condition of the human brain, human body temperature, and so forth. For example in the field of medicine known tool CT Scan (Computed tomography scan) is a tool that can generate two or three-dimensional picture of the state of the patient's body.

For personal use, the use of the scanner is common as a store of images, whether photographs, important documents such as diplomas, or news from newspapers in the form of digital files. If it is necessary that the digital file can be printed at any time. So if you have a photo, securities, or simply from a magazine article that you think is important, and you do not want to lose data, it helps you save them as digital files.

In the field of multimedia art, such as the field of animation, the animators use the scanner to move the design of the basic forms of the images to be diolahnya. For example, a cartoon character in the film will be drawn by hand using a pencil, then the results will be scanned. Furthermore the animation software, the design will be coloring and effects to produce a work tertentuk animation.